Public Policy

Course Objective
The objective of the course is to provide the students with the generic, conceptual, methodological and analytical knowledge and skills appropriate for analyzing issue-areas of public policy in the changed context of national and international environment. The course will emphasis on familiarizing the students with a number of approaches, methods and analytical techniques public policy making addressing the complex, interdependent and multidisciplinary nature of contemporary policy problems. After completing its study, the students are expected to be capable enough to analyze, plan, and manage different aspects of public policy making process.

Course Contents

1. An Introduction to Public Policy (20 Lecture Hours)

1.1 Meaning and concept of public policy
1.2 Public Policy typology
1.3 Subject matters of public policy
1.4 Methods of the study of policy-making process
1.5 Nature and scope of public policy
1.6 Purposes of the study of the public policy

2. Theories of Policy Making (10 Lecture Hours)

2.1 Political System Theory
2.2 Group Theory
2.3 Elite Theory
2.4 Intuitional Theory

3. Agenda setting and policy Life cycles (10 Lecture Hours)

3.1 Social construction of problems
3.2 Role of power in defining or defying problems
3.3 Role of ideas, individuals and think tanks in identifying policy issues
3.4 Rationale of Agenda Setting
3.5 Role of state and non-state actors in policy making
3.6 Factors influencing policy making process
3.7 Policy Life Cycle

4. Models of decision making (10 Lecture Hours)

4.1 Key theories associated with decision making, including rational choice theory, incrementalism, Mixed-Scanning, Public Opinion Theory

5 The Implementation of Public Policy (10 Lecture Hours)

5.1 Approaches to policy implementation: Top down, Bottom up, Synthesis of both top down and bottom up and Policy Action Model
5.2 Requirements of effective implementation

6. Monitoring and Evaluation of Public Policy (10 Lecture Hours)

6.1 Monitoring and evaluation concepts
6.2 Criteria for evaluation
6.3 Techniques of evaluation
6.4 Problems in evaluation
6.5 Policy impacts: Change or continuity of policy

7 Policy Transfer and International Lesson Drawing (5 Lecture Hours)

7.1 Concept of policy transfer and lesson drawing
7.2 Forms of Policy Transfer
7.3 Agents of Policy Transfer
7.4 Barriers to Policy Transfer

8 A Case Study on any Policy Issue in Nepal (5 Lecture Hours)

8.1 Policy issue concept
8.2 Institutional structure
8.3 Various challenges related with the policy in relation with the current policy
8.4 The way forward

Course Title: Public Policy
Course No: PA 530
Nature of the Course: Core
Duration of Course: 100 Lecture hrs.
Duration of the lass: 60 minutes
Full Marks: 100
Pass Marks: 40



References

1. George C. Edward II and Ira Sarakansky, The Policy Predicament: Making and Implementing Public Policy (San Francisco: W.H. Freeman and Co., 1978) latest available edition.
2. C. J. Bennet , How States Utilise Foreign Evidence, Journal of Public Policy 11(1), pp.39-54) 1991.
3. Charles L. Cochran and Eloise F. Malone, Public Policy Perspectives and Choices (Viva Books Private Limited, New Delhi, 2007).
4. James Anderson, Public Policy Making, (New Work: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1979)
5. Norman Frohlic and J.A. Oppenheimer, Modern Political Economy, New Delhi: Prentice-Hall of India, 1978 (Latest available edition).
6. Pradeep Sahani, Public Policy: Conceptual Dimension (Allahabad: Kitab Mahal, 1987).
7. R.K. Sapru, Public Policy: Formulation, Implementation and Evaluation, New Delhi: Sterling Publisher Pvt. Ltd., Second Revised Edition 2004.
8. Richard Rose, Lesson Drawing in Public Policy: A Guide to Learning Across Time and Space (New Jeresy, Catham House 1993)
9. Wayne Parsons Public Policy: An Introduction to the Theory and Practice of Policy Analysis (Edward Elgar, Aldershot, UK; Brookfield, US 1995).
10. I.M.d. Little, Ethics, Economics and politics: Principles of Public policy, Oxford University
11. Press, 2002
12. Devika Paul, Public Policy: Formulation and Implementation in India, Devika Publications, Delhi, 1994.
13. Michael Howlett and M. Ramesh, Studying Public Policy: Policy Cycles and Policy Subsystems (Oxford University Press, 2003)
14. Michael Hill and Peter Hupe, Implementing Public Policy: Governance in Theory and Practice, (New Delhi: Sage Publication Ltd, 2006).
15. P.R. Rijal, Fundamentals of Public Policy Analysis, (Kathmandu: Mrs. Indira Rijal, 1995).

Development Management

Course Objectives
The objective of this course is to give a comprehensive knowledge of theories and dimensions of Development management and make students able to analyze developmental goals, implementation mechanisms, and the issues related to development management in various sectors such as public, private and the nonprofits.

Course Contents:

1. Introduction (15 Lecture Hours)

1.1 Concept of development
1.2 Dimensions of development
1.3 Basic concept and evolution of Development Administration
1.4 Development management: meaning, paradigm shift in development Administration

2. Approaches of Development Management (15 Lecture Hours)

2.1 Bureaucratic model of development Administration
2.2 Comparative perspective of development
2.3 Social learning approach and people’s participation
2.4 Public-Private partnership
2.5 NGO-government partnership
2.6 Decentralization and local governance

3. Institutional Building, Social Change and Nation Building (15 Lecture Hours)

3.1 Concept of institution building, social change and nation building
3.2 Understanding Institution building model
3.3 Factors of social change
3.4 Role of public administration in social change
3.5 Approaches of nation building
3.6 Barriers of nation building

4. Development Plans and Implementation (15 Lecture Hours)

4.1 Concept of Development plan
4.2 Planning efforts in Nepal
4.3 Resource mobilization
4.4 Concept and aspects of Projects
4.5 Plan implementation and its challenges

5. Capacity building in Development management (20 Lecture Hours)

5.1 Need of human resource development
5.2 Management of training
5.3 Administrative reforms
5.4 Political system capability
5.6 Introducing Information Technology and Communication (ITC) and E-governance in development management

6. Issues of Development Management (20 Lecture Hours)

6.1 Population policy and migration
6.2 Empowerment and Inclusiveness in development
6.3 Poverty reduction and issue of livelihood
6.4 Corruption and issue of ethics
6.5 Human Resource Development
6.6 Administrative culture

Course Title: Development Management
Course No.: 520
Nature of the Course: Core Course
Duration of the Course: 100 Lecture hrs.
Duration of the Class: 60 minutes
Full Marks: 100
Pass Marks: 40


Reference

1. Alka Dhameja (eds.)(2003) Contemporary Debates in Public Administration, New Delhi: Prentice-Hall of India Pvt. Ltd.
2. Bhatta, Bhim Dev, Vikash Prashan (last edition). Kathmandu: Mrs. Indira Bhatta
3. Dhakal Tek Nath (2006). NGO in Livelihood Improvement. New Delhi: Adroit Publishers Jeffrey Sacks, The End of Poverty, Panguin, 2005
4. Richard Peet and Elaire Hrtwick, Theories of Development, rawat Publication, 1999
5. Ferrel Heady (1995) Public Administration : A Comparative Perspective (5th edition), New York: Marcel Dekker.
6. Robert Chambers, Ideas for development, Earthscan, 2007
7. Des Gasper, The Ethics of development, Vistaar Publication, 2005
8. Gabriel A. Almond & G. Bingham Powell (1976) Comparative Politics : A Developmental Approach, New Delhi: Oxford & IBH Publishing Co.
9. Madhab P. Paudel( 1981) Public Administration and Nation-Building in Nepal, New Delhi: National Book Organization
10. Madhab P. Paudel( 1991) Administration Reforms in Nepal, New Delhi: National Book Organization
11. Mark Turner and David Humle(1997), Governance, Administration & Development: Making the State Work, England: Macmillan Press
12. Owen E. Hughes (1994) Public Management & Administration: An Introduction, London: The Macmillan Press Ltd.
13. R.A.W. Rhodes, Saran A. Bider, and Bert A. Rockman (eds) (2006) The Oxford Handbook of Political Institutions, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
14. R.K Arora (1988) Comparative Public Administration, New Delhi: Association Publishing House.
15. Shriram Raj Pande, Shawna Tropp, Bikash Sharma & Yuba Raj Khatiwada (Eds), (2006) Nepal: Readings in Human Development, Kathmandu: United Nations Development Programme
16. Publications of National Planning Commission of Nepal, Central Bureau of Statistics, Nepal, Journal related to Public administration, development management, development, etc.
17. Jamil, Ishtiaq (2008). Administrative Culture in Bangladesh and Nepal. Dhaka

Research Methods in Public Administration-I

Course Objective
The objective of this course is to familiarize the students with the application of various elementary statistical methods required to conduct social and behavioural research in public administration and prepare research reports.

Course Contents

Unit I: Descriptive Statistics

1. Introduction (5 Lecture Hours)

1.1 Meaning of statistics
1.2 General field of statistics
1.3 Use of statistics
1.4 Summarizing the data
1.5 Measure of Central Tendency: mean; weighted mean
1.6 Concepts of median and mode
1.7 Measure of dispersion: range, variance and standard deviation
1.8 Use of descriptive statistics

2. Determining the Bi-variate Relationship (10 Lecture Hours)

2.1 Correlation analysis: Karl Pearson's and Spearman's rank
2.2 Regression analysis
2.3 Significance of observed sample correlation and regression coefficients.

3. Probability (10 Lecture Hours)

3.1 Introduction: meaning, importance, events
3.2 Basic laws of Probability: classical approach, relative frequency approach and subjective approach
3.3 Some fundamental rules of probability: additional rule, multiplication rules, conditional probability
3.4 Theoretical distributions: Binomial and Normal distribution

4. Inferential Statistics: Estimation (10 Lecture Hours)

4.1 Estimation
4.1.1 Basic concept of sampling distribution and standard error
4.1.2 Estimator and estimate
4.1.3 Criteria of a good estimator
4.1.4 Types of estimates
4.1.5 Interval estimate for population proportion and mean
4.1.6 Determining sample size

5. Inferential Statistics: Test of Hypothesis (15 Lecture Hours)

5.1 Test of hypothesis
5.2 Introduction: meaning, critical values, significance level, type I and type II errors, one tailed and two tailed tests, steps in testing a hypothesis, parametric and non-parametric tests)
5.3 Test of significance of proportion (single and double samples)
5.4 Test of significance of mean (single and double samples, large and small samples, independent and dependent samples)
5.5 Test of significance of difference of two sample variances (F- test)
5.6 Test of goodness of fit and test of independence (Chi-square test)
5.7 Test of significance of more than two samples means (Ordinal data- Kruskal Wallis H-test)

Course Title: Research Methods in Public Administrative-I
Course No.: PA 540
Nature of the Course: Analytical and Professional Core
Duration of the Course: 100 Lecture hrs.
Duration of the Class: 60 minutes
Full Marks: 50
Pass Marks: 20

References

1. B. Macfie, and Nufrio, P M., Applied Statistics for Public Policy, New Delhi: Prentice-Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., 2006
2. P.K. Sharma, and Chaudhary, A.K. Statistical Methods for MBS, and MPA, Kathmandu: Khanal Books Prakashan, 2058 BS
3. D. Levine, Bereson, M.L. and Stephan, Statistics for Managers, Prentice-Hall, New Jersey, 1999
4. R.I. Levin, and Rubin, D.S. Statistics for Management, Pretice-Hall of India Ltd. New Delhi,2000
5. J.S. Chandan, Statistics for Business and Economics, Vikash Publishing House Ltd. New Delhi, 1999
6. Sthapit, Gautam, H., Josi, P.R. and Dangol, P., Statistical Methods, Buddha Academic Publishers and Distributors Pvt. Ltd. 2003
7. Sunity Shrestha, and wilwal, D., Statistical Methods in Management, Taleju Prakashan, 2000 S.C. Gupta, Fundamentals of statistics, Himalaya Publishing House, Latest Edition
8. D.H. Hinkle, Wiersma, W. and Jurs, S.G., Applied Statistics for the Behavioural Science, Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, Fourth Edition

Fundamentals of Public Administration

Course Objective
The purpose of this course is to provide a basic knowledge of Public Administration and Management. The course intends to familiarize the students with the concepts, theories and emerging trends of Public Administration and Management. It also aims at encouraging the students to apply the methods used by the Administrators/Managers in the changed context.

Course Contents
1. The Practice and Discipline of Public Administration (15 Lecture Hours)

1.1 Public in Public administration
1.2 The Distinctive Characteristics of Public administration
1.3 Managerial, Political and Legal Approaches to Public Administration

2. Public administration’s Century (15 Lecture Hours)

2.1 Politics/ Administration Dichotomy
2.2 The Principles of Administration
2.3 Public Administration as Political science
2.4 Public Administration as Management
2.5 Public Administration as Public Administration

3. Core Functions of Public administration (15 Lecture Hours)

3.1 Organization Structure and Processes
3.2 Organizations and Organization Theory (Bureaucracy/ Scientific Management/ The Human Relations Approach/ Contemporary Approaches)
3.3 Public Personnel Administration: Basic Functions
3.4 Budgeting and Finance: Basic Functions
3.5 Decision Making: Approaches to Decision Making

4. Administrative Tools Lecture Hours 20

4.1 System approach
4.2 Participatory approach
4.3 Contingency approach
4.4 Ecological approach
4.5 Management by exception
4.6 Result oriented management
4.7 Crisis management

5 The Convergence of Management, Politics and Law in the Public Sector (20 Lecture Hours)

5.1 Policy Evaluation and Implementation Evaluation
5.2 Public Administrative Law

5.2.1 Concept and scope of Administrative Law
5.2.2 Separation of power and its role on public Administration
5.2.3 Delegated legislation
5.2.4 Administrative Tribunals for grievance redressal

6. Public Administration and Globalization (15 Lecture Hours)

6.1 Public Administration and Postmodernism
6.2 Public Administration in a Multicultural Environment
6.3 Role of Public administration in Globalization
6.4 The Governance Agenda

Course Title: Fundamentals of Public Administration
Course No.: PA 510
Nature of the Course: Core
Duration of the Course: 100 Lecture hrs.
Duration of the Class: 60 minutes
Full Marks: 100
Pass Marks: 40



Reference

1. D.H. Rosenbloom, and Kravchuk. R.S. (2006), Public Administration, Mc-Graw Hill International Edition
2. Noorjahan Bava, Public Administration in the 21st Century, Kanishaka Publishers, Distributors, New Delhi, 2004
3. K. Henry, Public administration and Public Affairs, Prentice-Hall, Recent Edition
4. H.G. Rainey, Understanding and managing Public Organization, Jossey-Bass, Recent Edition
5. G. Starling, Managing the Public Sector, Harcourt Brace College Publishers, Recent Edition Bidhyt Chakrabarty, and Bhattacharya, Mohit (2003), Public Administration A Reader, Oxford University Press
6. Gerald E. Caiden, The Dynamics of Public Administration, Dryden Prees, (Latest available edition).
7. H. E. McCurdy, Public Adkministration: A Synthesis. Cumming Publishing Company, Latest Edition
8. Kaste and Rosenwing, Organization and Management, McGraw-Hill, Latest Edition
9. Robert Presthus, Public Administration, Ronald Press, Latest Edition
10. भीमदेव भट्टः सार्वजनिक प्रशासनको आधारभूत सिद्धान्त। काठमाण्डो आशिषदेव भट्ट। २०५४
11. पुरुषोत्तम सुवेदिः सार्वजनिक प्रशासनः सिद्धान्त र व्यवहार। काठमाण्डो। रत्‍न पुस्तक भण्डार। २०४१
12. क्रिष्ण जोशीः सार्वजनिक प्रशासनः आधुनिक अध्ययन । काठमाण्डो। रत्‍न पुस्तक भण्डार। २०५३
13. Albert Lepawsky, Administration: The Art And Science of Organization and Management, (Calcutta: Oxford and IBH Publishing Co., 1976)
14. David Osborne and Ted Gaebler, Reinventing Government. Addison-Wesley Company, 1992
15. Frank Marini (ed), Towards New Public Administration, Chandler, Latest edition Nigro and Nigro, Modern Public Administration

Graduation Requirements in Masters in Public Administration

The Masters in Public Administration (MPA) program extends over two academic years. The degree is awarded upon the successful completion of all the required courses. All candidates for the Masters in Public Administration (MPA) degree must fulfill the following requirements:

• The successful completion of 1000 marks as prescribed with passing grades in all the courses
• The passing scores obtained in all the required courses and/or thesis separately.
• Complete all the courses within time-limits prescribed for the fulfilment of Masters in Public Administration (MPA) program by Tribhuvan University(TU).

Method of Instruction (Teaching Pedagogy) in Masters in Public Administration

The method of instruction in the Masters in Public Administration (MPA) program is focused on the ways that will help the students to understand and analyze the real-life situations in Nepalese Administrations, which should include government, public enterprises, Non Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and others. A combination of class lectures, group discussions, problem solving exercises, guest lectures, seminar presentations, case analysis, review of literature and project work are the major methods of instruction.

Thesis Writing and Evaluation in Masters in Public Administration

The student is required to submit two copies of proposed research proposal of thesis to the Central Department of Public Administration (CDPA). The proposal must be related to specialization areas of the student.

The evaluation of thesis is based on the written and viva-voce. The marks allocated for the written part and viva-voce are 75 and 25 respectively. The evaluation of the written part of the thesis is carried out by two external examiners. Students must submit three copies of the thesis to the Central Department of Public Administration for evaluation. Viva-voce of the thesis is conducted in the Central Department of Public Administration by a panel of experts formed by the Central Department of Public Administration along with thesis supervisor, and one external examiner appointed by the Central Department of Public Administration. The average of the marks awarded by the experts in the evaluations of the written part and viva-voce of the thesis forms the final marks.

Attendance, Evaluation and Grading System in Masters in Public Administration

1. The evaluation of the students is based on internal and external examinations. The internal examination is an on-going or continuous evaluation conducted by the concerning teachers. The external examination is an annual examination held at the end of the academic year.
2. The weight age given to the internal evaluation is 20 percent, and for external evaluation it is 80 percent of the total marks. The internal evaluation will be conducted by the concerned teachers. The internal evaluation will be conducted on the basis of students' performance in group discussions, assignments, seminar presentations, case analysis, term papers, etc.
3. In the case of students appearing in the examination as private candidates, one must meet the minimum requirements as prescribed by Tribhuvan University(TU). There will be no provision of internal - an ongoing or continuous evaluation for the private candidates. The private candidate not appearing in the first year final examination are not allowed to appear in the second year final examination.
4. Faculty of Management, Tribhuvan University(TU) conducts the final examination for regular students. In order to qualify to appear in the annual examinations, a student must meet the following requirements :

• The student must have a minimum of 70 percent attendance in classes.
• The student must have a passing grade (40 percent) in the internal evaluation.
• No students will be allowed to appear in the second year final examinations without first appearing in the first year final examinations.
• The grading system in the annual examinations is as follows:

Third Division 40% and above

Second Division 50% and above

First Division 60% and above

Distinction 75% and above

Minimum General Requirements for Masters in Public Administration

The minimum general requirements for the Masters in Public Administration (MPA) program are as given below. Any institution which runs Masters in Pubic Administration course will deliver the lectures related to Public Administration in the following pattern

1. An academic year will consist of a minimum of 100 Lecture Hours teaching days excluding the days taken for admission and annual examinations.
2. The total instructional periods in an academic year for the program will be 100 days x 5 periods = 500 periods.
3. A paper of 100 marks will have 100 lectures and a paper of 50 marks will have 50 lectures. Each lecture will be of 1 hour duration.
4. It has to convert into Lecture hours (100 lecture hours)

Admission test for Masters in Public Administration

Candidates seeking admission for the Masters in Public Administration(MPA) program must appear in the entrance test examination conducted by the Central Department of Public Administration(CDPA) Faculty of Management (FOM). Faculty of Management issues a score-sheet to each student appearing in the Entrance Test. The admission test comprises of following areas:

• Verbal Ability
• Quantitative Ability
• Logical Reasoning
• Administrative and General Awareness
• Short Essay

Students must submit the admission test request form along with testimonials (transcripts/marks-sheet, etc.) to Central Department of Public Administration (CDPA). Faculty of Management shall charge a fee for conducting the Entrance Test.

Students must submit their applications for admission to the campus along with the score-sheet. Public Administration Campus gives admission to students on the basis of merit list. The merit list is prepared by considering the admission test score and percentage of marks obtained in the Bachelor's degree. The admission is granted in a competitive basis. The applicants must include with the application form attested copies of:

• Certificates/testimonials of all examinations passed;
• Equivalence transfers and characters certificates (wherever applicable); and
• Two passports sized photographs.

Eligibility for Admission in the Masters in public administration

Candidates, who have successfully completed Bachelor's degree in any discipline from Tribhuvan University or from any other Universities recognized by Tribhuvan university (TU) are eligible for applying Masters in Public Administration(MPA) program.

Contact Central Department of Public Administration(CDPA), Public Administration Campus(PAC) for details about the admission procedure.

Course Composition in masters of public administration

The Core Courses carry 800 marks and specialization areas (elective courses) carry 200 marks. The following are the courses for the first and second year.

First Year
Course No. (Marks)
PA 510 Fundamentals of Public Administration (100)
PA 520 Development Management (100)
PA 530 Public Policy (100)
PA 540 Research Methods in Public Administration I (50)
PA 550 Human Resource Management (50)
PA 560 Organizational Behavior (50)
PA 570 Local-self Governance (50)

Second Year
PA 610 Research Methods in Public Administration II (50)
PA 620 Global Governance (50)
PA 630 Contemporary issues in public affairs Management (50)
PA 640 Public Finance (50)
PA 650 Administrative System in Nepal (50)
PA 660 Public Enterprise (50)


Specialization Areas (Elective Courses):

Courses equivalent 200 marks to be selected from any one of the following areas.

a) Development Management
DM 621 Planning and Project Management (100)
DM 622 Study on Human Development (100)

b) Human Resources Management
HRM 631 Human resource development (100)
HRM 632 Personnel Administration in Nepal and SAARC Countries (100)

c) Local Governance and Development
LGD 641 Rural Development (100)
LGD 642 Urban Governance and Development Management (100)

d) Civil Society Governance
CSG 651 Civil Society Governance and Management (100)
CSG 652 NGOs and Development in Nepal (100)

e) Public Policy
PP 661 Public Policy Analysis (100)
PP 662 Public Policy Development and Implementation (100)

f) Thesis Writing
TH 675 Thesis (100)

Curricular Structure in Masters in Public Administration

The curriculum for Masters in Public Administration (MPA) degree comprises of four separate and distinct course components as follows:

1. Core Courses: Core courses integrate all functional areas and provide the students with an appreciation of the diversity and interrelationship of Public Administration, Development Management, Public Policy, Public Finance, Human Resource Management and Organizational Behavior.
2. Analytical and Professional Core Courses: Analytical courses are designed to enable the students to develop the skill of identifying and analyzing the problems. It includes subjects - Research Methods in Public Administration, Global Governance, Local Governance, and Administrative System in Nepal, Public Enterprises and Privatization and Contemporary Issues in Public Affairs Management.
3. Specialization Courses: Specialization in any one of the areas, Development Management, Human Resource Development, and Public Policy, Local Governance and Development and Civil Society Governance areas enables the student to develop their expertise in the functional area. Term paper or field report in each elective course is mandatory.
4. Thesis Writing: Thesis writing is an optional subject. While completing the specialization areas (elective courses), students are required to take either two courses of 100 marks each or thesis writing of 100 marks with any one courses of 100 marks each from the same specialized area. The thesis has to be written within the specialization area opted by the students.

Objective of the master in public administration MPA course

The objective of the Master's Degree program in Public Administration (MPA) is to produce high-level human resources in order to serve public affairs management of the government, non-government, public enterprises and private sectors. The program focuses on areas of specialization such as Development Management, Human Resource Development, Local Governance and Development, Civil Society Governance and Public Policy. After successful completion of the program, a student will be able to function as an administrator or manager in government, non-government, public enterprises and private sectors. The Master in Public Administration program specifically aims to:

1. Equip the students with required knowledge of administrative science and management.
2. Prepare high-level human resources in the area of public administration, development management, policy formulation and analysis, global governance, human resource development and contemporary issues in public affairs management.
3. Enhance research capability.

Master of Public Administration (MPA) Curriculum

Master of Public Administration
(MPA)
Curriculum

Effective from 2009

Approved by
Office of the Dean
Faculty of Management,
Tribhuvan University,

Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal

For
Central Department of Public Administration,
Public Administration Campus,
Jamal, Kathmandu, Nepal